PZT/PVDF压电复合材料的合金化制备技术及其性能研究

采用氧化物球磨法制备了ＰＺＴ粉末,ＸＲＤ显示它是Ｚｒ与Ｔｉ比例为５２：４８的纯四方钙钛矿型结晶相,用合金化技术获得了六种含ＰＺＴ不同体积分数的ＰＺＴ／ＰＶＤＦ复合材料,对其介电性和压电性的测试表明,随着ＰＺＴ含量的增加,电性能参数呈非线性增大,当ＰＺＴ的体积分数达到７０％时,介电常数ε和压电常数ｄ３３值迅速增加并接近纯ＰＺＴ值。     

热障涂层的激光表面改性参数优化和结构设计

热障涂层是航空发动机涡轮叶片关键核心技术之一,但在服役条件下常受环境沉积物、熔盐等的腐蚀而过早失效。激光表面改性是一种提高涂层抗腐蚀性能的有效办法,但改性涂层的激光工艺优化和结构设计亟待研究。本文采用脉冲Nd：YAG激光系统对Y₂O₃部分稳定ZrO₂（YSZ）热障涂层进行表面改性,研究了激光功率、扫描速度以及光束长度对改性层厚度、微观结构的影响。结果表明,激光改性层呈致密的柱状晶结构,并有纵向裂纹贯穿其中。改性层的厚度与激光功率成正比,受扫描速度影响不大,与光束长度成反比。激光功率过高,则改性层裂纹增加明显;光束长度过大,则改性层与下方涂层的界面缺陷增多,不利于界面结合。优化的激光改性参数为：激光的功率为75~80 W,扫描速度8 mm/s,光束长度为160 mm。设计了双层激光改性层,每层中的纵向裂纹不连续,使得整个改性层中无贯穿的纵向裂纹,有助于抑制高温腐蚀熔体的内渗。     

TiC-TiB2复合相钛基稀土激光熔覆层组织与性能

采用通快同轴送粉4002光纤激光器,在TC4表面熔覆制备了不同含量Y₂O₃的TC4+Ni45+Co-WC+Y₂O₃钛基复合耐磨涂层。采用XRD、SEM、EDS、EPMA测试研究了涂层微观组织,利用显微硬度计、摩擦磨损实验机和白光轮廓仪分析评价了涂层的显微硬度和摩擦学性能。结果表明,涂层生成相不随Y₂O₃含量变化而改变,主要包括Ti₂Ni、TiC、TiB₂以及α-Ti;未添加Y₂O₃涂层,生成相尺寸粗大,方向性明显;随着Y₂O₃的加入,涂层组织逐步细化,生成相方向性减弱;当Y₂O₃为3wt%时,涂层析出相以颗粒和短棒状相为主,合成了大量TiC-TiB₂依附生长复合相,经二维点阵错配度计算,TiB₂（0001）与TiC （111）错配度δ为0.912%,TiC与TiB₂形成了共格界面,可有效增加涂层组织分布均匀性;Y₂O₃含量为0wt%、1wt%和3wt%时,涂层显微硬度逐渐减小,磨损体积先增大后减小,摩擦系数逐渐降低;在TiC-TiB₂复合相的作用下,3wt% Y₂O₃涂层的耐磨、减摩性最优,涂层磨损机理为磨粒磨损。     

Tensile properties of a composite–metal single-lap hybrid bonded/bolted joint

Hybrid bonded/bolted (HBB) joint has been widely used in engineering practice because it can overcome the potential weakness of pure bonded and pure bolted joints. However, studies on HBB joint are still at the initial stage. In this paper, tensile properties of a composite–metal single-lap HBB joint was investigated experimentally. And a detailed finite element model (FEM) was established to simulate the tensile behavior of the joint. The model was verified by the experimental results. Then the damage propagation and load transfer mechanism were explored based on the FEM. The results show that the HBB joint can provide multi-load transmission paths and resist damage propagation in the adhesive. The HBB joint has higher strength and energy absorption capacity than the pure bonded joint. And the HBB joint has greater initial damage load and tensile stiffness than pure bolted joint. Adhesive fillets can obviously improve the tensile performances of the HBB joint. Lateral stiffness of the joint boundary and testing machine show obvious effects on tensile performances of single-lap hybrid joints.     

Modeling on mechanical behavior and damage evolution of single-lap bolted composite interference-fit joints under thermal effects

This paper reports the modeling method and outcomes of mechanical performance and damage evolution of single-lap bolted composite interference-fit joints under extreme temperatures. The anisotropic continuum damage model involving thermal effects is established on continuum damage mechanics which integrates the shear nonlinearity constitutive relations characterized by Romberg-Osgood equation. The temperature-induced modification of thermal strains and material properties is incorporated in stress-strain analysis, extended 3D failure criteria and exponential damage evolution rules. The proposed model is calibrated and employed to simulate behavior of composite joints in interference fitting, bolt preloading, thermal and bearing loading processes, during which the influence of interference-fit sizes, preload levels, laminate layups and service temperatures is thoroughly investigated. The predicated interfacial behavior, bearing response and failure modes are in good agreement with experimental tests. The numerical model is even capable of reflecting some non-intuitive experimental findings such as residual stress relaxation and matrix softening at elevated temperatures.     

Experimental investigation of thermal effect on cavitation characteristics in a liquid rocket engine turbopump inducer

The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of water temperature on cavitation characteristics in a turbopump inducer, a series of experiments at different temperatures have been conducted in a newly developed visualization test facility. It is found that higher temperature shows little influence on the non-cavitation performance and breakdown characteristic in the investigated range. The relationship between cavitation development and pressure fluctuation has been discussed in detail. Higher temperature displays a remarkable stabilization effect on the cavitation excited pressure. In particular, the inception cavitation numbers of both the super-synchronous rotating cavitation and synchronous rotating cavitation are decreased at higher temperatures, and the corresponding frequencies are not affected, while the amplitudes are distinctly reduced, and the occurrence range of synchronous rotating cavitation is significantly narrowed. A generalized Rayleigh-Plesset equation has been employed to account for the thermal effect on the bubble development, which may provide a deep insight in understanding the experimental results. Thermal effect is found to act as a remarkable dissipation mechanism to suppress the bubble growth, smooth the collapse. In particular, the excited pressure during collapse is smaller at higher temperatures, which may lead to the stabilization effect of high temperature in this study.     

Effects of flow parameters on thermal performance of an inner-liner anti-icing system with jets impingement heat transfer

The multiple jets impingement heat transfer is widely applied in the wing anti-icing system. It is challenging to apply the similarity criterion to carry out the anti-icing experiments due to the complex flow and heat transfer behavior. In the present study, the full-scale slat model is used to carry out anti-icing experimental researches in a 2 m × 3 m icing wind tunnel of China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center. The effects of icing parameters Liquid Water Content (LWC) and Median Volume Diameter (MVD) and hot air parameters (mass flow rate and temperature) on the thermal performance of an inner-liner anti-icing system with jets impingement heat transfer are studied. The effects of the experimental parameters are analyzed in detail by combining impingement and evaporation heat transfer mechanisms. The impingement hot air mass flow rate dramatically affects the heat transfer performance of the impingement stagnation region within the range of the experimental parameters. The temperature of impingement hot air and that of wing skin are approximately linear correlated. The experimental results show the effects of LWC and MVD on water film formation and runback ice accretion. The formation of water film is analyzed by an analytical method based on the wing skin temperature difference of dry and wet air conditions.     

超低温处理对T700碳纤维/环氧复合材料拉—压疲劳性能的影响

对T700碳纤维/环氧复合材料在超低温处理前后的拉—压疲劳性能进行了的研究。采用真空袋—热压罐成型工艺,制备了T700碳纤维/环氧复合材料单向板,在液氮中对试样进行超低温浸泡和超低温/室温循环处理,利用光学显微镜观测了试样在超低温处理过程中产生的微裂纹情况,并测试了超低温处理后试样的静强度和拉—压疲劳1000次、10000次及130000次后的剩余强度。对T700碳纤维/环氧复合材料超低温损伤机理进行了分析,并讨论了超低温处理和拉—压疲劳对复合材料剩余强度的影响。结果表明,超低温处理和拉—压疲劳处理都会使试样产生微裂纹,并引起试样内的残余应力释放和试样的剩余强度降低;经历不同的超低温处理之后,试样的剩余强度达到最高值时所对应的拉—压疲劳次数不同;随着超低温处理和拉—压疲劳的作用,试样的剩余强度会经历先升高—再降低的过程。     

用于图像定位与配准的扫描辐射计扫描镜热变形模型研究

以某卫星扫描成像辐射计为研究对象,建立了扫描镜的热变形模型,并对模型进行了简化。模型应用结果表明,扫描镜镜面与扫描镜转轴需采用热特性接近的材料,通过增强仪器结构在Y向的刚度,能提高热变形模型的精度。用该模型获得的扫描镜热变形运动补偿(TMC)精度可满足卫星的使用要求。     

X-cor夹层结构的剪切性能

通过X-cor夹层结构与相同材料同尺寸的未增强件和去除泡沫的Z-pin夹层结构进行剪切性能试验对比,考察Z-pin对泡沫夹层结构的增强效果.通过剪切刚度和剪切强度试验值和理论值的对比分析研究,得到了修正后的夹层结构剪切刚度和剪切强度理论计算公式.研究结果表明:夹层结构的剪切性能与剪切刚度折减系数M、表征加载过程中Z-pin开始从面板拔出的时间系数T有关,而系数M,T决定于工艺水平.